When Infections Attack Your Brain: A Guide to Encephalitis

Encephalitis is a serious condition that leads to inflammation of the brain. This inflammation is usually triggered by viral infections, although it can also result from bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications.

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BRAIN WHEN IT IS INFLAMED?

The normal functioning of the brain becomes disrupted in several possible ways.

• Swelling of the brain. This can increase the pressure within the skull and potentially lead to serious complications such as seizures, coma, or even death.
• Brain tissue damage. This can lead to long-term neurological problems such as cognitive impairment, memory loss, or movement disorders.

COMMON POSSIBLE SYMPTOMS

Symptoms can vary depending on inflammation severity of the inflammation and the areas of the brain that are affected.

Early Stage

• Fever
• Headache
• High fever.
• Stiff neck

Advanced Stage

• Confusion or disorientation
• Seizures
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sensitivity to light
• Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
• Loss of consciousness

HOW IS IT TREATED?

Treatment typically involves managing the symptoms and complications.

• If an infection is present, antiviral medications are prescribed for virus infections while antibacterial medications are prescribed for bacterial infections.
• Corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and swelling in the brain.
• If one experience seizures, anticonvulsant medications to help treat and prevent their seizures.
• Medications can also be prescribed for pain and fever, while intravenous fluids can be given to prevent dehydration.

In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary, especially if the patient experiences seizures, altered consciousness, or other serious symptoms.

In some instances, rehabilitation therapy may be needed to help patients regain lost functions and improve their quality of life.