Understanding Mild Cognitive Impairment: Causes, Detection, and Ways to Improve Memory

WORDS PROFESSOR DR TAN MAW PIN

FEATURED EXPERT
PROFESSOR DR TAN MAW PIN
Geriatric Medicine Consultant
Founder and Managing Director of ACT4Health Sdn Bhd
WHAT IS MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI)?

Mild cognitive impairment, or MCI, occurs when people notice memory problems that are confirmed by tests, yet they can still manage their daily activities independently.

CAUSES OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

The most common cause of MCI is Alzheimer’s disease, which also leads to dementia. However, many other factors can contribute to MCI, including:

  • Strokes or cerebrovascular disease
  • Lewy body disease (also linked to Parkinson’s disease)
  • Certain infections
  • Head injuries
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Side effects of certain medications
  • Imbalances in body chemistry

While some causes of MCI are reversible, others can worsen over time. It’s essential to address these issues early to improve or maintain cognitive function.



Common symptoms of MCI. Click on the image for a larger, clearer version.


HOW MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT DEVELOPS

MCI occurs when the brain doesn’t work as well as it should due to the various underlying conditions shared earlier.

  • In some cases, like Alzheimer’s or Lewy body disease, abnormal proteins build up in the brain.
  • For those with cerebrovascular disease, stroke damage can often be seen on an MRI.
  • In cases related to infections or vitamin deficiencies, there may not be visible changes in the brain, but chemical imbalances are present.
MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN MALAYSIA
  • In Malaysia, studies show that 1 in 4 people over the age of 60 have mild cognitive impairment.
  • While many improve, 10% to 25% of those with MCI will eventually develop dementia.
  • Older individuals are more likely to have MCI, but it can also affect younger people.
HOW IS MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT DETECTED?

Detecting MCI can be tricky. Common tests include the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), although it has limitations for Malaysians due to cultural and language differences.

A more regionally adapted test, the Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT), is now being used. VCAT was tested in Malaysia through collaborations with Dr Nagaendran Kandiah and his team when he was working at the National Neurological Institute in Singapore.

These tests are designed to detect mild memory problems and often take longer than traditional dementia screenings. Newer digital tests are also being developed to make detection faster and more accessible.

CAN ONE PREVENT MCI FROM GETTING WORSE?

The good news is that people with MCI can improve their chances of preventing memory decline by making lifestyle changes. Here are some proven methods:

Mental Exercises
  • Engaging the brain through memory exercises, puzzles, and learning new skills can help.
  • Activities like crossword puzzles and recall games are excellent for keeping the mind sharp.
Physical Exercise
  • Regular exercise, which should include strength training, should be done for at least 30 minutes, 5 days a week.
  • Physical activity is crucial for maintaining brain health.
Diet
  • Certain diets, like the Mediterranean or Okinawan diets, have been linked to lower risks of cognitive decline.
  • Consuming oily fish (salmon, mackerel, tuna) at least once a week, along with whole grains, fresh fruits, vegetables, and reducing red meat and fats, is highly recommended.
Social Participation
  • Staying socially active, whether through family, friends, or volunteering, is essential for cognitive health.
  • Volunteering is particularly effective as it provides a sense of purpose and responsibility as well as a morale boost when things are difficult.

Learning New Skills

  • Continuing education, whether learning a new language, picking up a musical instrument, or even pursuing higher education, helps maintain brain function.
  • Many older adults now take postgraduate degrees after retirement to keep their minds active.
  • The University of Third Age, Malaysia (link opens in a new tab) is a good place to get started. This is a programme by the Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia with the support of our government and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).
IN CONCLUSION

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) doesn’t have to be a step toward dementia.

By recognizing the signs early, addressing underlying causes, and making lifestyle changes, we can protect our memory and brain health. So, stay proactive by staying active—mentally, physically, and socially!

  • ACT4Health has partnered with A. Menarini and CARiNG Pharmacy to launch the ⁠’Catch Mild Cognitive Impairment Early: Act Now, Remember More’ campaign.
  • This campaign aims to encourage Malaysians to get early screening to address potential MCI issues.
  • At the time of writing, free VCAT screening tests are available at selected CARiNG Pharmacy outlets.

Stay Safe, Stay Protected: Malaysia’s MyPELINDUNG Campaign for COVID-19

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

Recently, the Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID), the National Cancer Society of Malaysia (NCSM), the Malaysian Red Crescent (MRC), and Diabetes Malaysia (DM), in partnership with Pfizer Malaysia, extended the MyPELINDUNG campaign under the theme Lindungi Malaysia, Sihat Bersama.

The campaign emphasizes the need for continued vigilance, vaccinations, and timely medical treatment in the fight against COVID-19.

THE NATIONAL LAUNCH OF MyPELINDUNG

This prestigious launch event saw many key figures coming together to highlight the importance of the campaign.

“As we adapt to living with COVID-19, staying proactive is key. Vaccinations, following health guidelines, and seeking prompt medical advice are crucial in keeping our communities safe,” said Dato’ Danial Iskandar, the Deputy Secretary General of MRC.

FAMILIAR FACES LEAD THE CHARGE

This year’s campaign featured well-known personalities from different walks of life, each advocating for public health and safety in unique ways:

  • Media personalities Atilia Haron and Aishah Sinclair, representing the sandwich generation, highlighted the importance of protecting both children and elderly parents, particularly their own vulnerable parents, Salamiah Hassan and Dida Sinclair.
  • Veteran actor Dato’ Jalaludin Hassan advocated for older adults, especially those with pre-existing conditions, stressing timely medical care and continued caution.
  • Dr Say Shazril focused on parents protecting their children, emphasizing vaccinations and preventing disruption to education and social life.
  • Actress Fasha Sandha shared her personal experience of how COVID-19 disrupted her family reunion during Hari Raya Puasa, underscoring the virus’s potential to change cherished moments.
  • Comedian Douglas Lim talked about the challenges of work-related travel in the era of COVID-19, advocating for health and safety while on the go.
VACCINES ARE YOUR SHIELD AGAINST SEVERE COVID-19

Vaccinations remain a powerful defense against severe illness, hospitalization, and death.

Staying up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines is essential, particularly for the elderly, individuals with underlying health conditions, and children.

“COVID-19 is here to stay. Vaccinations are critical in preventing severe illness and reducing hospitalizations, especially for those at higher risk,” said Dr Shaharudeen Kamaludeen, the President of MyICID.

EARLY TREATMENT IS A CRITICAL STEP FOR HIGH-RISK GROUPS

For individuals aged 60 and older or those with medical conditions like diabetes and chronic lung disease, the risk of severe COVID-19 remains high.

Hence, early treatment is key. Consulting with healthcare professionals immediately upon testing positive can improve the management of the illness and provide peace of mind for families.

“Early treatment, even for mild symptoms, is crucial. It reassures families and helps manage the illness more effectively,” said Dato Dr Saunthari Somasundaram.

Dr Mohazmi, the Secretary-General of DM, echoed her statement and emphasized the importance of starting treatment as soon as possible to reduce severe outcomes.

GET INVOLVED TO PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR LOVED ONES

The MyPELINDUNG campaign continues to reach Malaysians through digital platforms like Facebook, with engaging content, live streams featuring medical experts, and community outreach events.

“MyPELINDUNG reflects our commitment to public health, ensuring that essential healthcare information reaches every Malaysian,” said Deborah Seifert, the Cluster Lead of Pfizer Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia & the Philippines.

Stay connected with the MyPELINDUNG campaign by following their official Facebook page (link opens in a new tab) for updates and helpful resources.