Concerned about Food Additives & Food Safety? You Should Read This!

WORDS TI MEI JUN & DR NURUL HUDA RAZALLI

FEATURED EXPERTS

TI MEI JUN
Student of Master Clinical Nutrition
Faculty of Health Sciences
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
DR NURUL HUDA RAZALLI
Senior Lecturer
Dietetic Programme
Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE)
Faculty of Health Sciences
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

More than 200 diseases, ranging from cancer to diarrhoea, are brought on by contaminated food that contains dangerous bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical.

Malaysia had an incidence of 60 cases of food and water borne disease per 100,000 people, with 56% being food poisoning.

Hence, food safety is crucial to ensure that food, when prepared or consumed in accordance with its intended usage, would not harm consumers.

4 FACTS THAT WE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT FOOD ADDITIVES
  1. According to Codex Alimentarius Commission—also known as the ‘Food Code’ published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization—any substance that is not typically used as an ingredient in food or consumed as food on its own is considered a food additives, regardless of its nutritional value.
  2. Food additives are added to processed foods to serve several functions, most prominently the prevention of food spoilage, improvements in flavour or texture and other desired qualities, and the provision of certain colours and flavours.
  3. Food additives are applied in the production and processing of almost all food types.
  4. Only specific foods may have food additives added to them, and only to the extent allowed by the Food Regulations of 1985.
EXAMPLES OF COMMON FOOD ADDITIVES
Soybean To maintain food consistency
Beet A colouring agent
Tartazine A colouring agent
Aspartame An artificial sweetener
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) A flavour enhancer
Lecithin Thickening and stabilizing agent
Guar gum Thickening and stabilizing agent
Benzoic acid A preservative
Sorbic acid A preservative
5 TIPS FOR CONSUMERS TO REDUCE EXPOSURE TO HARMFUL ADDITIVES
  1. People with allergies or sensitivity to certain food ingredients should closely read labels when shopping for processed foods.
  2. Buy fresh and whole food to minimize exposure of food additives and contaminants.
  3. Proper storage and handling of food materials are crucial to prevent contamination. Wash and peel foods, such as apples and eggs, to remove dirt and pesticides.
  4. Purchase food from stalls that demonstrate good hygiene practices, such as covering and properly packaging their food.
  5. Buy food that is prepared fresh upon ordering, rather than food that was cooked earlier and not maintained at the appropriate temperature.

References:

  1.  Halim, N. R. A., Mutalib, S. A., Ghani, M. A., & Hashim, H. (2024). Food safety regulations implementation and their impact on food security level in Malaysia: A review. International food research journal, 31(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.31.1.02
  2. Laganà, P., Avventuroso, E., Romano, G., Gioffré, M. E., Patanè, P., Parisi, S., Moscato, U., & Delia, S. (2017). The Codex Alimentarius and the European legislation on food additives. In P. Laganà, E. Avventuroso, G. Romano, M. E. Gioffré, P. Patanè, S. Parisi, U. Moscato, & S. Delia (Eds.), Chemistry and hygiene of food additives (pp. 23-32). Springer International Publishing.
  3. Lalani, A., Pouyani, N., Askari, A., Tavajohi, S., Akbari, S., & Jafarzadeh, E. (2024). Food additives, benefits, and side effects: A review article. Journal of chemical health risks, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22034/jchr.2023.1967340.1619
  4. Liang, X. (2023). Impact of food additives in ultra-processed food on human health. Theoretical and natural science, 6, 437-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/6/20230321
  5. Ukwo, S., Udo, I., & Ndaeyo, N. (2022). Food additives: Overview of related safety concerns. Food science & nutrition research, 5(1), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33425/2641-4295.1052

Men, Don’t Ignore This: A Consultant Endocrinologist’s Diabetes Advice That Could Improve Your Quality of Life

WORDS DR RADHAMANI RAJAKUMAR

FEATURED EXPERT
DR RADHAMANI RAJAKUMAR
Consultant Internal Medicine Physician and Endocrinologist
Columbia Asia Hospital – Bukit Rimau
Sobering Fact 1
MEN FACE NEARLY DOUBLE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING TYPE 2 DIABETES COMPARED TO WOMEN

Globally, an estimated 17.7 million more men than women grapple with diabetes mellitus.

This disparity extends to urological complications, with both genders equally susceptible once diabetes sets in. Over half of individuals with type 2 diabetes, regardless of gender, will experience urological complications.

Sobering Fact 2
UROLOGICAL DISEASES MARKEDLY INCREASED IN PREVALENCE WITH ADVANCING AGE & DURATION OF DIABETES

This marked increase is seen with advancing age of 50 years old and above and of diabetes duration of more than 10 years.

YOU MAY HAVE DIABETES & SHOULD CONSULT A DOCTOR IF YOU HAVE:

  • Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS, see below)
  • Erectile dysfunction and reduced libido
  • Fever and painful urination suggestive of urinary tract infection
  • Genital thrush (see below)
  • Overactive bladder (frequent urination, frequent nighttime urination, urine leakage, or incontinence)
Sobering Fact 3
MORE THAN 50% OF MEN WITH DIABETES EXPERIENCE BLADDER DYSFUNCTION

They develop lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia (waking up at night to urinate), and incontinence due to diminished bladder sensation and/or poor contractility.

They are also at higher risk of developing bladder infections, called cystitis, and bladder cancer.

In men, lower urinary tract symptoms are common age-related complaints that are often attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), especially after the age of 50.

Why do these men develop lower urinary tract symptoms?

The effect of diabetes on the development or presence of lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia remains controversial.

Some studies suggested that diabetes increases prostate size consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Other studies reported conflicting results that diabetes increases the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms due to bladder dysfunction rather than an increase in prostate volume.

Sobering Fact 4
35% TO 45% OF MEN WITH DIABETES EXPERIENCE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

The prevalence of erectile dysfunction is 3 times more common compared to men without type 2 diabetes.

However, the treatment for erectile dysfunction depends on the cause. It’s important to discuss the problem with your doctor. Often the answers to a few simple questions will help to determine if the problem is physical or psychological.

Sobering Fact 5
MEN WITH DIABETES COMMONLY EXPERIENCE ERECTILE URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Urinary tract infection (UTI) can occur anywhere in the urinary tract, including the bladder, urethra, ureters, or kidneys.

It typically involves bacteria entering the urinary system, leading to symptoms such as frequent and painful urination, cloudy or bloody urine, and strong-smelling urine.

Sobering Fact 6
MEN WITH DIABETES CAN DEVELOP REPEATED CASES OF GENITAL THRUSH

Genital thrush is a fungal yeast infection linked to excess sugar in the blood getting passed in the urine.

Because yeast thrives on sugar, it is more likely to grow on the penis of a man with diabetes.

YOU MAY HAVE GENITAL THRUSH & SHOULD CONSULT A DOCTOR IF YOU HAVE:

  • Redness, swelling, and itching around the head of the penis
  • Your penis has an unpleasant odour
  • A white, lumpy appearance to the skin of the penis
  • Soreness and discomfort during sexual activity
Sobering Fact 7
UROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS, IN PARTICULAR SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, CAN LEAD TO PSYCHOSOCIAL DISORDERS AND RELATIONSHIP DISHARMONY

While these complications are generally not life-threatening, they pose significant mental distress and limitations in daily functioning, thus decreasing one’s quality of life.

Furthermore, men living with type 2 diabetes may experience stress, anxiety, or depression related to the daily demands of diabetes management, fear of complications, or concerns about the future.

These emotional struggles can affect mood, behaviour, and interpersonal interactions.

Sobering Fact 8
HEALTH SCREENINGS ARE KEY TO MANAGING DIABETES

Health screenings provide valuable insights and early detection of potential complications.

By undergoing regular health screenings, diabetic men can also actively manage their condition, prevent complications, and improve their overall quality of life by addressing potential health issues early and effectively.

BEST APPROACHES FOR DIABETES MANAGEMENT

  • Adhere to and monitor your medications
  • Keep up with medical appointments and health check-ups
  • Eat a healthy and balanced diet
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Perform regular physical activity
  • Manage stress and seek mental health support
  • Aim for sufficient sleep duration
  • Limit alcohol consumption and quit smoking

Experts Highlight the Urgent Need for Blood Donation in Malaysia and What We Can Do about This

WORDS DR FARZANA RIZWAN & DR IMAM SHAIK

FEATURED EXPERTS

DR FARZANA RIZWAN
Senior Lecturer
School of Medicine
Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences
Taylor’s University		 DR IMAM SHAIK
Senior Lecturer
School of Medicine
Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences
Taylor’s University

Blood transfusion is a lifesaving medical intervention for patients undergoing complex surgeries, experiencing blood loss due to trauma or childbirth, suffering from chronic illnesses and blood disorders, and even during cancer management.

VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION PROGRAMMES ARE CRUCIAL FOR MAINTAINING A SAFE AND ADEQUATE SUPPLY OF BLOOD AND BLOOD PRODUCTS
  • That said, currently only 2.2 % of Malaysians donate blood in a year, compared to 3.5–5% in the developed countries.
  • The pre-pandemic blood donation rate was 22.8 donors per 1,000 people, which declined to 19.7 to 22.5 donors per 1,000 population between 2020 and 2022.
  • However, the demand of blood and blood products has increased due to a rise in motor vehicle accidents and the increase in the number of transfusion-dependent patients.

According to our Health Minister Datuk Seri Dr Dzulkefly Ahmad, the country needs more blood donors to maintain a ‘safe zone’ of blood stock to meet the nation’s daily demand of at least 2,000 blood bags.

The Ministry of Health targets 35 to 40 donors per 1,000 population by 2030.

HOW CAN WE ACHIEVE THIS TARGET?
  • Young people 17 years old and above are urged to come forward to help achieve this goal.
  • The community needs to choose the right direction, have a positive mindset, and move away from the myths and negative perception surrounding blood donation.
  • Seek guidance from the good practices that are in place in other countries. For example, we can focus more on ‘targeted recruitment’ to obtain donations from specific ethnic groups if there are certain blood groups that are difficult to find in others.
  • Adopt innovative methods of education and engagement of young students to promote school-, college-, and university-based blood donation drives.
  • The use of mobile apps to facilitate online bookings, reminders, re-scheduling, and appointment cancellation systems provides convenience to the community. The use of mobile technology in tracking the donor eligibility and getting donor feedback would be helpful to make blood donation experience more pleasant and smooth.
DO YOU KNOW THAT DONATING BLOOD CAN ALSO BE GOOD FOR YOUR HEALTH?
  • Improves blood circulation to your tissues and organs.
  • Maintains iron balance—the difference between the amount of iron taken up by the body and the amount lost—in the body.
  • Reduces the risk of hardening and narrowing of the arteries from the accumulation of iron in the artery walls.
  • Reduces the risk of heart attack by reducing arterial blockages.
  • Reduces excessive iron in the blood and decreases the risk of certain cancers. Iron is a source of cancer-causing free radicals, which can damage cells and alter their functions.
  • A therapeutic phlebotomy—a procedure to reduce the excessive iron and number of red blood cells in the body—for individuals with blood diseases such as hereditary hemochromatosis, polycythemia vera, and other rare conditions.

Additionally, there are many medical privileges offered to donors in Malaysia, such as free outpatient treatment and hepatitis B vaccination, among others.

BECOMING A BLOOD DONOR IS A SIMPLE WAY TO CONTRIBUTE TO YOUR COMMUNITY

Check with local hospitals or blood donation centers to find out where and when you can donate your blood.

Reimagining Your Retirement with Entrepreneurship in Your Golden Years

WORDS PROFESSOR DR CHONG WEI YING

FEATURED EXPERT
PROFESSOR DR CHONG WEI YING
Deputy Director
Active Ageing Impact Lab
Taylor’s University.

The word “retirement” conjures images of endless days of relaxation, hobbies pursued at leisure, and perhaps occasional travel. However, this traditional view of retirement is rapidly evolving.

RETIREMENT IS JUST THE BEGINNING OF A NEW PHASE OF LIFE

Today, retirement is increasingly perceived not as an end but as a beginning—a phase of life during which individuals can leverage their decades of experience, skills honed over a lifetime, and a wealth of knowledge to contribute to society in meaningful ways.

The appeal of entrepreneurship has never been greater to individuals, attracting those who desire greater autonomy, choices, and possibilities for unlimited growth in their golden years.

WHY ENTREPRENEURSHIP?

The reasons for this shift are manifold.

Longer lifespan. For one, a longer lifespan has prompted individuals to redefine retirement. With the accumulated resources, such as financial savings and extensive professional networks, individuals might want to expand their activities to include continued work in some capacity, engaging in lifelong learning, pursuing new hobbies, or even starting new businesses after retirement.

Greater access to digital media. Additionally, the advent of the digital era has made access to information, resources, and networks easier than ever for individuals to start businesses from the comfort of their homes.

New goals. Individuals are encouraged to remain engaged, mentally alert, and physically active during their retirement years. Launching a business can offer a renewed sense of purpose, providing a compelling reason to greet each morning with enthusiasm and a goal to work towards. It embodies the pursuit of continued growth, learning, and self-challenge.

Leaving a legacy. In certain cases, embarking on entrepreneurship in later life serves as a powerful means to impart wisdom to the younger generations. This exchange across ages not only narrows the divide between the young and the elderly but also cultivates a culture of ongoing learning and cooperation. Embracing an entrepreneurial spirit in one’s retirement years not only enhances personal fulfilment but also benefits the economy and society at large through job creation, innovation stimulation, and economic growth.

IGNITING YOUR ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT

Before deciding to jump into a business and get caught up in the excitement, it’s crucial to adopt a sober view of potential problems. You first must ask some questions early that might mitigate or prevent potential problems and avoid unnecessary grief.

Here are some practical questions designed to help you determine if starting a business during your golden years is the right decision for you:

  1. Do I have the skills and strengths required to start and manage a new business, or is it primarily seen as a hobby? How does this interest align with the practical aspects of running a business?
  2. Am I financially stable enough to start a business without jeopardizing my retirement savings? What funding options do I have in place?
  3. Do I have the physical and mental stamina required to start and manage a new business? How might this impact my health and lifestyle?
  4. How comfortable am I with taking risks at this stage in my life? Am I prepared for the possibility of failure
  5. Am I looking to build something that leaves a legacy, or am I interested in a venture that meets immediate goals? Who can provide advice and assistance?
  6. How can I leverage my professional and personal connections for support and growth opportunities? Who can be my mentor in the entrepreneurial journey?
  7. Is there a real demand for the product or service I plan to offer? How saturated is the market?
  8. Are there any cost-effective business models that can lower the business risk? How can these models significantly reduce financial exposure and operational risks?
  9. What is my exit strategy if the business doesn’t go as planned? How will this impact my future and finances?
  10. What are the legal implications of my business structure (for example: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation), and how does it affect my liability and tax obligations? How do I ensure that my business practices comply with stated laws?

As you approach your golden years, it is you that will make the crucial decisions about whether to have a phase of relaxation or a stage for active participation, personal fulfilment, and societal contribution. Starting a business will not only transform your life but also enrich society, showcasing the untapped potential of your later years.

MADSA Calls for More Efforts to Safeguard Dietary Supplements in Malaysia

WORDS DR RAJENDRAN MANICKAVASAGAM

FEATURED EXPERT
DR RAJENDRAN MANICKAVASAGAM
Malaysian Dietary Supplement Association (MADSA)

Since the onset of COVID-19, Malaysians have been taking extra care of their health.

In fact, there has been a steady demand for dietary supplements propelled by this new collective awareness towards our overall wellbeing.

However, recent price hikes have raised the average living costs in Malaysia. For some, they may have to cut back on added expenses, which includes dietary supplements.

This situation opens doors for devious, illegal activities to take place within the market, especially through e-commerce websites where counterfeit supplements are sold at absurdly low prices.

For instance, a single joint support supplement may cost RM120 to RM180 at pharmacies, but some unscrupulous sellers offer the same product for only RM38.

Additionally, certain platforms and sellers may take advantage of unassuming consumers by offering attractive discounts and vouchers, further expanding this perpetual market of deceit in terms of people’s health and wellbeing.

VERY CHEAP SUPPLEMENTS: WHAT’S THE CATCH?

The allure of a good bargain can be extremely compelling, especially when one only needs to pay a fraction of the original price. However, the consequences of purchasing from unverified vendors or websites can be severe.

Counterfeits

A multitude of these sellers often operate without the necessary quality control measures.

Without proper scrutiny, these unscrupulous vendors can easily pass off fake supplements as genuine, putting consumers at risk of ingesting unknown and possibly harmful substances.

These products also may not follow proper standards of procedures, leading to higher chances of improper handling and contamination.

Effects on the Local Supplement Market

In addition to the health risks, these unverified sources also undermine the integrity of Malaysia’s legitimate nutritional supplements market, which is valued at USD $644.88 million in 2023.

Certified brands are finding it increasingly harder to earn customers’ trust who have been victims to disingenuous sellers.

THE NEED FOR REGULATORY RECOGNITION TO PROTECT CONSUMERS

In spite of these malicious activities, Malaysia upholds strict laws and regulations to govern the manufacturing and labelling of dietary supplements.

This includes mandatory registration of documented evidence and stringent timelines for health supplements. While some counterfeit products may slip through the cracks, the Ministry of Health, via the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA), has laid out various safeguarding measures to help consumers identify the legitimacy of a product.

The Ministry of Health has also mandated that all certified health supplements must be marked with the holographic sticker called the FarmaTag, which is extremely hard for counterfeit producers to replicate. The sticker also includes an MOH-issued QR Code, a gradient design, and holographic serial and pin numbers.

Additionally, the Health Ministry has released a mobile app called FarmaChecker to help consumers confirm a product’s certification status online by scanning its QR code or typing in its serial number.

At the same time, the NPRA continues to ensure the safety and efficacy of dietary supplements, mandating safety data for supplements with new or innovative ingredients. Similarly, the Malaysian Dietary Supplement Association (MADSA) has also worked hand-in-hand with the government to promote and increase awareness of health supplements and its benefits to all Malaysians.

With the collective effort by both the government and consumers alike, we can work towards a future where all our nutritional supplements are safeguarded from the unethical practices of counterfeit producers.

By being mindful of the sources of our purchases, especially when the products involve our health and wellbeing, we can nurture a safe and healthy supplements market in Malaysia.

After all, bargaining our health for cheaper costs will never be worth the price.

MADSA CALLS MALAYSIANS TO BE VIGILANT

MADSA advises Malaysian consumers to always make sure that online supplements have been registered by the NPRA.

Check if the product has an MAL number, which verifies that it has been approved by the NPRA.

If the product that’s delivered doesn’t have such identification, return and request for a refund and report this matter to the Ministry of Health.

Ministry of Health and Local Experts Rally to Call Malaysians to “Check, Confirm, Consult and Change”

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

On 24 April 2024, YB Dato’ Lukanisman Awang Sauni, the Deputy Minister of Health Malaysia, launched the public health promotion campaign, Stand Against Prediabetes; Don’t Sugarcoat It (SAPd), in Putrajaya.

WHAT IS PREDIABETES?

Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes.

Nonetheless, this higher-than-normal blood sugar levels will put one at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke in the future, if preventive measures are not taken to control their blood sugar levels.

YOU MAY HAVE PREDIABETES IF YOU HAVE:
  • HbA1c 5.7%-6.2% (39 to 44 mmol/mol).
  • Fasting plasma glucose of 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L.
  • Oral glucose tolerance test shows that your blood glucose levels are 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L.
WHY IS THERE A NEED FOR A PREDIABETES CAMPAIGN?
  1. An estimated 3.5 million Malaysians may have prediabetes.
  2. Because prediabetes has no symptoms, many may not be aware that they have it unless they go for a medical check-up.
  3. 1 in 10 people with prediabetes are likely to develop full-blown diabetes within a year, while up to 7 out of these 10 people may face the same outcome in 10 years.
  4. These individuals are already at risk of developing cardiovascular disease, vision loss, nerve damage, and chronic kidney disease even before diabetes sets in!
MORE ABOUT SAPd
FEATURED EXPERT
DR NURAIN MOHD NOOR
President of the Malaysian Endocrine and Metabolic Society (MEMS)

Dr Nurain Mohd Noor said during the launch: “MEMS initiated SAPd and invited the collaboration of seven other medical and allied health societies, as well as the involvement of Ministry of Health Malaysia.”

These societies include Malaysian Diabetes Educators Society (MDES), Malaysian Dietitians’ Association (MDA), Malaysian Family Medicine Specialists’ Association (FMSA), Malaysian Medical Association (MMA), Malaysian Pharmacists Society (MPS), National Heart Association Malaysia (NHAM), and The Chapter of Chemical Pathology & Metabolic Medicine, College of Pathologists, Academy of Medicine Malaysia (CPath AMM).

The SAPd programme is supported by Merck Malaysia.

Dr Nurain further remarked that SAPd managed to attain several important achievements over the last 2 years:

  • Successfully promoted the adoption of standardized prediabetes blood glucose test values in over 200 private chain, independent and hospital laboratories, as well as over 2,000 government clinics and 100 government hospitals.
  • Trained more than 2,000 healthcare professionals including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dietitians to enhance their effectiveness in the management of prediabetes.
  • Published a clinical guide for the reference of healthcare professionals, as well an educational website, booklet, and pamphlet for the public.
THE 4Cs OF SAPd
FEATURED EXPERT
PROFESSOR EMERITA DR CHAN SIEW PHENG
Consultant Endocrinologist and Chairperson of the SAPd Programme

Professor Emerita Dr Chan Siew Pheng provided further elaboration into the key message of campaign: the 4Cs or Check, Confirm, Consult, and Change.

CHECK Your Prediabetes Risk

  1. Take the online risk checker at the SAPd website (link opens in a new tab).
  2. If the results show that you are at risk, ask for a simple finger prick blood glucose test at your community pharmacy, private GP clinic, or government health clinic.

SAPd aids to enlist 700 community pharmacies nationwide to provide complimentary finger prick blood glucose tests by mid-May of this year.

CONFIRM the Presence of Prediabetes

If your finger prick blood glucose test results show a higher-than-normal blood glucose level, you will need to get a proper blood test from a laboratory, clinic or hospital.

CONSULT Your Healthcare Professional

The guidance and support of a healthcare professional is important to determine the best approach for you to manage prediabetes with lifestyle intervention and medication, if required.

By attending follow-up visits, your healthcare professional will be able to monitor your progress and keep motivating you to achieve the results you desire.

CHANGE to Reclaim Your Health

The five pillars of prediabetes management are:

  1. Lose excess body weight and maintain healthy weight.
  2. Increase physical activity and exercise.
  3. Adopt healthy lifestyle habits (getting enough good quality sleep, managing stress, and quitting smoking, vaping, alcohol and other substance abuse).
  4. Take your medications as prescribed.
  5. Team up with healthcare professionals.
Visit the SAPd website for more information and free educational downloads (link opens in a new tab). The website is available in English and Bahasa Melayu.

The Importance of Making Sustainable Parenting Choices

WORDS MICHELLE TEH

FEATURED EXPERT
MICHELLE TEH
Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Earth & Me
Website

Malaysia’s landfills are filling to capacity, putting the country in danger of running out of space for the disposal of solid waste by 2050.

In fact, about 38,000 metric tonnes of solid waste on average are sent to more than 100 landfills in Malaysia daily. In Kuala Lumpur alone, there are about 2,500 metric tonnes of solid waste produced daily, which could pile up to the height of the Petronas Twin Towers in only one week!

This amount of waste is set to continue increasing in tandem with population growth.

Most babies using up at least 7,000 diapers in the first two and a half years alone.

How does this affect parenting, and how do we navigate trying to steer away from this for both the current and future generations?

USE SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS

In the realm of parenting, particularly with baby products, there’s a notable trend towards single-use or disposable items.

These products, though convenient, often contribute significantly to environmental degradation.

Take traditional diapers, for instance, which are predominantly composed of plastic materials. The sheer volume of disposable diapers being discarded annually staggering, with a global average of 300,000 disposable nappies sent to landfill or incinerated every minute. Their decomposition process can take hundreds of years, exacerbating landfill overflow and pollution issues.

To address this environmental concern, it’s crucial for parents to consider alternative options that are not only safe and nontoxic for their little ones but also eco-friendly.

Making a conscious switch to products that are multifunctional, reusable, biodegradable, or a combination of these attributes can significantly reduce waste generation.

By conducting a bit of research and exploring sustainable alternatives, parents can play a pivotal role in minimizing their family’s ecological footprint and fostering a greener future for their children.

CREATE SUSTAINABLE MOMENTS

Celebrating your child’s milestones is a joy, but it’s crucial to consider the environmental impact. Many traditional practices contribute to waste and pollution, but there are eco-friendly alternatives.

For example, zero-waste celebrations are gaining popularity, with parents opting for reusable decorations and tableware instead of disposable items.

Second-hand gifts and hand-me-down outfits are also becoming more common, reducing waste and adding sentimental value to celebrations.

Another idea could be simply borrowing resources from friends or participating in swaps, which would minimize waste while creating memorable experiences for children.

Through making these mindful choices, parents can still mark special occasions, just in a more sustainable way.

IMPART SUSTAINABLE LESSONS

As your child grows up, instilling eco-conscious habits also becomes increasingly important.

You can encourage them to take part in activities that promote environmental awareness, such as sorting trash into different categories like plastic, paper, and kitchen waste.

Potentially, these lessons can be turned into a game or a fun family activity, perhaps by organizing a beach clean-up day where you collect and dispose of rubbish together.

In addition, introduce your child to the concept of the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle. This lays the groundwork for a sustainable mindset. Teach them the importance of reducing consumption, reusing items whenever possible, and recycling materials to give them a second life.

Once these principles are a part of everyday life, you have essentially empowered your child to become a responsible steward of the environment.

CREATE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR OUR CHILDREN

Granted, the journey towards sustainable parenting presents its challenges, but every small step taken today contributes to a brighter future. We must continue to make conscientious choices in our daily lives, such as reducing waste, conserving resources, and prioritizing environmentally friendly products, so that together, our collective actions can lead to a healthier planet and a better quality of life for all.

Cultivating Better Immunity: Nutrition Strategies for Children Under Five

WORDS ANAS ALMASWARY

FEATURED EXPERT
ANAS ALMASWARY
Master’s Student in Clinical Nutrition
Faculty of Health Sciences
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

The role of nutrition in the first phase of a child’s life, especially in the first thousand days, is huge and influences the immune response system and later health.

THE IMPACT OF EARLY NUTRITION

Nutrition during the first 1000 days, including the intrauterine period, is crucial for a child’s development, affecting the gut microbiota composition and immune system.

The immune system receives benefits from dietary omega-3 long-chain fatty acids, prebiotics, and micronutrients.

There is an intricate relationship among diet, microbiome, and epigenetic elements influencing this interaction. Numerous non-communicable diseases (NCDs) linked with dysbiosis begin their ‘programming’ in childhood.

Nutrition also plays a significant role in shaping the composition and development of children’s microbiota, thus exerting a powerful influence on the development of NCDs.

STRATEGIES TO STRENGTHEN IMMUNITY IN KIDS BELOW 5
Breastfeed

In the first 2 years of a child’s life, breastfeeding plays a crucial role in providing essential nutrients and immune support for infants.

Breast milk offers a unique blend of antibodies and nutrients that help strengthen a baby’s immune system and overall health. Introducing a variety of nutrient-rich foods after breastfeeding can further enhance a child’s immune health.

Diversify Nutrient Intake

Enhance your child’s immune system by incorporating a variety of colorful fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into their diet. These foods provide essential nutrients crucial for building strength and immunity.

Citrus Fruits for Immune Support

Include vitamin C-rich citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons in your child’s diet. These fruits act as natural immune boosters, safeguarding your child’s health.

Promote Gut Health with Probiotics

Opt for probiotic-rich yoghurt to support a healthy gut environment, which plays a significant role in overall immunity. A balanced gut ensures a robust defense system against illnesses.

Harness the Power of Antioxidants

Incorporate antioxidant-rich berries like blueberries and strawberries into your child’s meals to enhance their immunity. These berries provide a powerful boost to your child’s health and immune function.

Essential Vitamins from Leafy Greens

Ensure your child consumes leafy greens such as spinach and kale to benefit from vitamins A, C, and E, which are essential for strengthening the immune system.

Prioritize Hydration

Encourage your child to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and natural fruit juices. Proper hydration helps flush out toxins from the body, supporting overall health and immunity.

Healthy Swaps for Immunity

Replace sugary treats with wholesome options like fresh fruits and natural sweeteners to boost immunity in a healthier way.

References:

  1. Cunha, A. J. L. A., Leite, Á. J. M., & Almeida, I. S. D. (2015). The pediatrician’s role in the first thousand days of the child: The pursuit of healthy nutrition and development. Jornal de Pediatria, 91, S44-S51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.07.002
  2. Kong, X., Zhuang, L., Wang, M., Zhang, S., Peng, J., & Feng, Z. (2020). Effect of bovine lactoferrin supplementation on intestinal inflammatory factor expression in premature rats model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Chinese journal of applied clinical pediatrics, 35(2), 151-155.
  3. Fragkou, P. C., Karaviti, D., Zemlin, M., & Skevaki, C. (2021). Impact of early life nutrition on children’s immune system and noncommunicable diseases through its effects on the bacterial microbiome, virome and mycobiome. Frontiers in immunology, 12, Article 644269. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.644269
  4. Camacho-Morales, A., Caba, M., García-Juárez, M., Caba-Flores, M. D., Viveros-Contreras, R., & Martínez-Valenzuela, C. (2021). Breastfeeding contributes to physiological immune programming in the newborn. Frontiers in pediatrics, 9, Article 744104. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.744104
  5. Shao, T., Verma, H. K., Pande, B., Costanzo, V., Ye, W., & Bhaskar, L. (2021). Physical activity and nutritional influence on immune function: An important strategy to improve immunity and health status. Frontiers in physiology, 12, Article 751374. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.751374
  6. Miles, E. A., & Calder, P. C. (2021). Effects of citrus fruit juices and their bioactive components on inflammation and immunity: A narrative review. Frontiers in immunology, 12, Article 712608. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.712608
  7. Pagnini, C., Saeed, R., Bamias, G., Arseneau, K. O., Pizarro, T. T., & Cominelli, F. (2010). Probiotics promote gut health through stimulation of epithelial innate immunity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(1), 454-459. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910307107
  8. Tomovska, J., & Vllasaku, I. (2021). Review of antioxidants in fruit berries and its impact in immune system. Asian journal of plant and soil sciences, 6(1), 136-147. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355192320_Asian_Journal_of_Plant_and_Soil_Sciences_REVIEW_OF_ANTIOXIDANTS_IN_FRUIT_BERRIES_AND_ITS_IMPACT_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM
  9. Faber, M., Phungula, M. A., Venter, S. L., Dhansay, M. A., & Benadé, A. S. (2002). Home gardens focusing on the production of yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables increase the serum retinol concentrations of 2–5-y-old children in South Africa. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 76(5), 1048-1054. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1048
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  11. Arshad, S., Rehman, T., Saif, S., Rajoka, M. S. R., Ranjha, M. M. A. N., Hassoun, A., Cropotova, J., Trif, M., Younas, A., & Aadil, R. M. (2022). Replacement of refined sugar by natural sweeteners: Focus on potential health benefits. Heliyon, 8(9), e10711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10711

5 Useful Tips for Employers to Support their Employees’ Efforts to Fast Safely and Healthily This Ramadan

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

FEATURED EXPERT
DR CHAN YANJUN
Medical Director, Singapore & Malaysia Assistance Centres
International SOS

As we enter the fasting month today, Dr Chan Yanjun has some valuable tips to share with those that will be embarking on their fast.

“During the holy month of Ramadan, while many find it a time for spiritual reflection and growth, it is important to acknowledge that the changes in routine and physical demands of fasting can impact on employees’ mental and physical wellbeing,” she says.

Tip 1
FOSTER AN OPEN ENVIRONMENT

Encourage open communication by having a clear and inclusive policy on religious observance in the workplace. This demonstrates respect for employees’ personal beliefs and allows them to comfortable discuss their needs during Ramadan.

Tip 2
ENSURE THAT YOUR EMPLOYEES ARE PRIORITIZING THEIR HEALTH & WELLBEING

Remind employees to stagger their hydration during non-fasting hours and to consume nutrient-rich meals during Sahur and Iftar.

Rehydration should be a cumulative process. The best way to rehydrate fasting bodies and maintain this hydration for longer is to pace one’s liquid intake by consuming at least two litres of water—one or two glasses at a time— between Iftar and Imsak.

Quality sleep is also vital for maintaining energy levels, mental clarity, and focus, all crucial for workplace performance.

Tip 3
PROMOTE FLEXIBLE WORKING ARRANGEMENTS

Consider offering flexible working arrangements, such as adjusted start and finish times to accommodate individual needs.

Additionally, be understanding if employees require more breaks or need to adjust their break timings for prayers.

Tip 4
OFFER EMPLOYEES THE RESOURCES & INFORMATION ABOUT HEALTHY PRACTICES DURING RAMADAN

These resources can include recommended dietary guidelines or tips for maintaining energy levels while fasting. The provision of these resources will empower employees to make informed choices during this important time.

Tip 5
PROVIDE MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT

Encourage employees to utilise mental health resources offered by the organization, such as Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs), or provide information about external resources for stress management and emotional support.

Strengthen Your Defence Against Illnesses with a Hidden Ally

WORDS ANAS ALMASWARY & PROFESSOR DR SUZANA SHAHAR

FEATURED EXPERTS

ANAS ALMASWARY
Master’s Student in Clinical Nutrition
Faculty of Health Sciences
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
PROFESSOR DR SUZANA SHAHAR
Dietetic Program
Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness
Faculty of Health Sciences
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

When we feel a scratchy throat or struggle to breathe, our first thought is usually hospitals. But what if I told
you there’s a simple remedy in your kitchen?

Let’s explore how the anti-inflammatory diet can actually boost our immune system, especially when it comes to respiratory health.

THE TROUBLE WITH PRO-INFLAMMATORY DIETS

Our body’s immune system is like a superhero that fights off infections and heals injuries, and inflammation is its natural power.

But here’s the twist: if not kept in check, inflammation can turn into a villain that causes chronic diseases. Hence, the foods we consume can either be a superhero sidekick or a troublemaker!

A pro-inflammatory diet influences our immune system’s balance in bad way, increasing the inflammation in our body.

Such a diet, measured by the Adapted Dietary Inflammatory Index (ADII), is associated with systemic inflammation and reduced kidney function in older adults. Chronic low-grade inflammation is believed to be one possible pathway linking this dietary pattern to kidney dysfunction.

EXAMPLES TO PRO-INFLAMMATORY FOODS

  • Red and processed meats
  • Refined sugars
  • Fried foods
  • Margarine or shortening
  • Alcohol
  • Sodas

Researchers found that a higher ADII is related to higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), an indicator of kidney function.

Hence, a proinflammatory diet can lead to both systemic inflammation and reduced kidney function.

THE BENEFITS OF AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DIET

Generally, an anti-inflammatory diet should include sources of low-fat protein, colourful no- starchy carbohydrates, healthy fats like extra virgin olive oil, supplementation of omega 3 fatty acids, and foods rich in polyphenols.

An anti-inflammatory diet keeps insulin levels stable and cuts down on omega 6-fatty acids, which is crucial for beating silent inflammation.

Found in vibrant non-starchy veggies and fruits, polyphenols included in this diet put the brakes on inflammation by targeting a key player called nuclear factor (NF-κB). These polyphenols activate AMP kinase, a central switch controlling metabolism, including blood sugar levels.

The anti-inflammatory diet goes the extra mile by reducing chronic inflammation at the cellular level and tweaking gene expression. The result is lower risk of chronic diseases like obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.

NUTRIENTS EXAMPLES OF FOODS TIPS
Lean sources of proteins Chicken, fish, or protein-rich vegetarian sources like tofu
or legumes.		 Consume approximately the size and thickness of the palm of your
hand.
Colourful carbohydrates Vegetables like broccoli, spinach, carrots, bell peppers; fruits like guava and dragon fruits. Fill two-thirds of your plate with
non-starchy vegetables and
substantial amounts of fruits
These foods will help maintain a
low glycemic load and provide adequate levels of polyphenols.
Healthy fats Vegetable oils. Use in cooking or drizzle over salads and vegetables.
Omega-3 fatty acids Fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, and sardines. Avoid deep frying; omega-3 fatty acids will be lost if you do this.

References:

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  3. Estruch R. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean diet: The experience of the PREDIMED study. The proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 69(3), 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665110001539
  4. Galland L. (2010). Diet and inflammation. Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 25(6), 634–640. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533610385703
  5. Grimes, K. (2011). The everything anti-inflammation diet book: The easy-to-follow, scientifically-proven plan to reverse and prevent disease lose weight and increase energy slow signs of aging live pain-free. Simon and Schuster.
  6. Lyons, C. L., & Roche, H. M. (2018). Nutritional Modulation of AMPK-Impact upon Metabolic-Inflammation. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(10), 3092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103092
  7. O’Neil, A., Shivappa, N., Jacka, F. N., Kotowicz, M. A., Kibbey, K., Hebert, J. R., & Pasco, J. A. (2015). Pro-inflammatory dietary intake as a risk factor for CVD in men: A 5-year longitudinal study. The British journal of nutrition, 114(12), 2074–2082. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515003815
  8. Oprea, E. (2021). The power plate diet: Discover the ultimate anti-inflammatory meals to fat-proof your body and restore your health. Rodale Books.
  9. Rudnicka, E., Suchta, K., Grymowicz, M., Calik-Ksepka, A., Smolarczyk, K., Duszewska, A. M., Smolarczyk, R., & Meczekalski, B. (2021). Chronic low grade inflammation in pathogenesis of PCOS. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(7), 3789. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073789
  10. Sears B. (2015). Anti-inflammatory diets. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 34 Suppl 1, 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2015.1080105
  11. Shivappa, N., Bonaccio, M., Hebert, J. R., Di Castelnuovo, A., Costanzo, S., Ruggiero, E., Pounis, G., Donati, M. B., de Gaetano, G., Iacoviello, L., & Moli-sani study Investigators (2018). Association of proinflammatory diet with low-grade inflammation: results from the Moli-sani study. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 54, 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.04.004
  12. Xu, H., Sjögren, P., Ärnlöv, J., Banerjee, T., Cederholm, T., Risérus, U., Lindholm, B., Lind, L., & Carrero, J. J. (2015). A proinflammatory diet is associated with systemic inflammation and reduced kidney function in elderly adults. The journal of nutrition, 145(4), 729–735. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.205187