Malaysia’s First Women Ophthalmology Forum Commemorates International Women’s Day

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

On 7 March 2024 Roche Malaysia Sdn Bhd launched the inaugural Empowering Visions: Malaysia Women Ophthalmology Forum in conjunction with International Women’s Day.

Moderated by talk show host Freda Liu, the forum featured the following prominent panelists:

  • Datuk Dr Nor Fariza Ngah, Deputy Director of Health, Research & Technical Support
  • Dr Tara Mary George, a consultant ophthalmologist
  • Dr Shamala Retnasabapathy, a consultant ophthalmologist

The panelists covered a multitude of relevant topics such as breaking barriers and overcoming stereotypes, patient care, the importance of interpersonal skills, the significance of continuous education as well as the professional development of women in the medical profession.



WOMEN BRING VALUE THAT CAN ELEVATE THE MEDICAL PROFESSION

According to Datuk Dr Nor Fariza, women bring a distinct perspective that enriches the profession and elevates patient care.

“In a domain where empathy, communication, and meticulousness reign supreme, women’s inherent strengths make them indispensable contributors,” she said during the forum.

She added: “Moreover, diverse representation ensures healthcare systems are attuned to the varied needs of patients, including those specific to women. By championing and empowering women in ophthalmology and healthcare at large, we not only advance gender equality but also enhance the caliber and efficacy of healthcare provision for all.”

A COMPASSIONATE APPROACH TO OPHTHALMOLOGY

Dr Tara Mary George said: “It is the compassionate approach commonly associated with us women which can significantly enhance patient care. Through empathetic communication and understanding, we can alleviate fears, clarify treatment plans, address patient concerns with as much sensitivity and understanding as possible, and cultivate a supportive environment where patients feel valued and heard.”

FAMILY SUPPORT VITAL FOR WORK-LIFE BALANCE

This key point was brought up by Dr Shamala Retnasabapathy, who said, “The supportive role of family is pivotal in achieving work-life balance, contributing to the empowerment of women in their professional endeavors.”

For her fellow women in the field of ophthalmology, she advised no to neglect continuous education and professional development, as these are essential when it comes to staying abreast of the latest advancements.

“This is another way of showcasing our commitment to providing the highest standard of care to their patients while contributing to the advancement of the field as a whole—and how we pave the way for greater inclusivity, diversity, and progress within the profession,” she added.

AN INITIATIVE TO CHAMPION DIVERSITY & INCLUSION

Choong Mei Chen, who is the Ophthalmology Country Disease Area Lead for Roche Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines and Indonesia, told us that initiatives such as the Empowering Visions: Malaysia Women Ophthalmology Forum send a resounding message of support and empowerment.

“Together, let us boldly challenge the status quo, dismantle barriers, and pave the way for a future where every individual, regardless of gender, enjoys equal opportunities to excel!” she said.

5 Useful Tips for Employers to Support their Employees’ Efforts to Fast Safely and Healthily This Ramadan

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

FEATURED EXPERT
DR CHAN YANJUN
Medical Director, Singapore & Malaysia Assistance Centres
International SOS

As we enter the fasting month today, Dr Chan Yanjun has some valuable tips to share with those that will be embarking on their fast.

“During the holy month of Ramadan, while many find it a time for spiritual reflection and growth, it is important to acknowledge that the changes in routine and physical demands of fasting can impact on employees’ mental and physical wellbeing,” she says.

Tip 1
FOSTER AN OPEN ENVIRONMENT

Encourage open communication by having a clear and inclusive policy on religious observance in the workplace. This demonstrates respect for employees’ personal beliefs and allows them to comfortable discuss their needs during Ramadan.

Tip 2
ENSURE THAT YOUR EMPLOYEES ARE PRIORITIZING THEIR HEALTH & WELLBEING

Remind employees to stagger their hydration during non-fasting hours and to consume nutrient-rich meals during Sahur and Iftar.

Rehydration should be a cumulative process. The best way to rehydrate fasting bodies and maintain this hydration for longer is to pace one’s liquid intake by consuming at least two litres of water—one or two glasses at a time— between Iftar and Imsak.

Quality sleep is also vital for maintaining energy levels, mental clarity, and focus, all crucial for workplace performance.

Tip 3
PROMOTE FLEXIBLE WORKING ARRANGEMENTS

Consider offering flexible working arrangements, such as adjusted start and finish times to accommodate individual needs.

Additionally, be understanding if employees require more breaks or need to adjust their break timings for prayers.

Tip 4
OFFER EMPLOYEES THE RESOURCES & INFORMATION ABOUT HEALTHY PRACTICES DURING RAMADAN

These resources can include recommended dietary guidelines or tips for maintaining energy levels while fasting. The provision of these resources will empower employees to make informed choices during this important time.

Tip 5
PROVIDE MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT

Encourage employees to utilise mental health resources offered by the organization, such as Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs), or provide information about external resources for stress management and emotional support.

New Treatment for Both Acute Treatment of Migraine and Prophylactic Treatment of Episodic Migraine Now Available!

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

FEATURED EXPERT
DR JULIA SHAHNAZ MERICAN
Consultant Neurologist
Prince Court Medical Centre

Recently, pharmaceutical company Pfizer Malaysia announced the availability of NURTEC™ (rimegepant) in Malaysia.

WHAT IS IT FOR?

Well, it’s a prescription medication designed to treat acute migraine and prevent migraine attacks.

MORE ABOUT MIGRAINE

Dr Julia Shahnaz Merican shares that migraine can present itself with or without aura.

Those suffering from migraine with aura tend to experience visual disturbances such as dots, sparks or zigzags before a migraine attack.

These visual disturbances are absent in migraine without aura, which is the more common type of migraine.

“Regardless of the type, migraines significantly disrupt one’s quality of life, often forcing patients to seek solace in a dark room until the pain and symptoms subside,” Dr Julia says.

HOW DOES THIS MEDICATION WORK?

“While the exact cause of migraine remains a mystery, over the past 30 years, clinical and preclinical studies have investigated the role of a neuropeptide called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine occurrence,” Dr Julia reveals.

NURTEC™ works as a CGRP receptor antagonist.

What this means is that it can act to block the effects of CGRP, thus helping to provide pain relief during migraine attacks.

Furthermore, this medication has received approval for use in reducing the frequency of future migraine attacks when used preventively.

NURTEC™ is for oral use and is currently available in Malaysia. It is a prescription medicine, which means you will need a doctor’s prescription to obtain it. If you believe that you may benefit from this medication, please discuss this matter further with your doctor.

Reference: Pfizer Malaysia Sdn Bhd. (2024, January 18). NURTEC™ (rimegepant) is now available in Malaysia for both acute treatment of migraine and prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine [Press release, KKLIU 0244 / EXP 15.07.2024].

Healthcare Experts Unite to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance At Landmark Symposium

Left to right: Dr Mark Miller (Chief Medical Officer of bioMérieux), His Excellency Axel Cruau (Ambassador of France to Malaysia), YB Dato’ Lukanisman bin Awang Sauni (Deputy Minister of Health Malaysia) and En Mohd Hareeff Muhammed (CEO of Premier Integrated Labs and Chairman of Organising Committee of Center of Excellence) officiating the event.  

Kuala Lumpur, 23 November 2023 – Healthcare leaders and experts from public, private and global healthcare organisations came together yesterday for the landmark Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) Center of Excellence (COE) Day Symposium, jointly organised by bioMérieux, IHH Healthcare Malaysia, and Premier Integrated Labs. The symposium facilitated knowledge exchange and interconnectivity between AMS teams from different specialities, to address the threats of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). AMR is a major global health concern that hampers our ability to treat common infectious diseases, resulting in prolonged illness, higher healthcare costs, and increased mortality.

They shared insights into the challenges posed by AMR and the role of AMS as a solution. The symposium also highlighted the importance of diagnostics in AMR control, the link between antimicrobial resistance and judicious use of antibiotics, and initiatives in the public and private healthcare sector for controlling AMR.

Dr Mark Miller, Chief Medical Officer at bioMérieux and an expert on AMR and AMS, addressed how latest diagnostic tests can help physicians in adopting AMS principles while providing appropriate treatment for infectious diseases. Meanwhile, the National Institute of Health (NIH) presented their insights on national antimicrobial resistance data, which is integral in directing national efforts against this public health threat.

The symposium marked the first anniversary of the establishment of the AMS Center of Excellence (COE) partnership between bioMérieux, IHH Healthcare Malaysia and Premier Integrated Labs. The latter two healthcare providers join healthcare institutions in China and India to be designated as AMS COEs in Asia Pacific. Since its establishment, the Malaysia COE has marked several milestones in the fight against AMR. Notably, they have established an antibiotic resistance reporting framework, and organised nine AMS education programmes for front line healthcare professionals to advance their skills in AMS.

The presence of Deputy Minister of Health, YB Dato’ Lukanisman bin Awang Sauni, underscored the national importance of the symposium. YB Dato’ Lukanisman, in his speech said, “I am extremely pleased to see a partnership with the private sector committed to combating AMR. The effort to overcome this global threat requires collaboration from multiple different sectors. I would also like to congratulate bioMérieux, IHH Healthcare Malaysia and Premier Integrated Labs for being the first AMS COE in the region, and for organising a successful event today.”

Left to right: Dr. Rahela Ambaras Khan, Head of Pharmacotherapy Services, Pharmacy Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur; Mr Tan Yew Aik, Head of Pharmacy Services IHH Healthcare Malaysia; En Mohd Hareeff Muhammed, CEO of Premier Integrated Labs and Chairman of Organising Committee of Center of Excellence; YB Dato’ Lukanisman bin Awang Sauni, Deputy Minister of Health Malaysia; His Excellency Axel Cruau, Ambassador of France to Malaysia; and Jacob Morton, AMS Global Programme Director bioMérieux at the symposium.

Mr Jean-François Naa, CEO of IHH Healthcare Malaysia, added, “At IHH Healthcare Malaysia, we are fully committed to combating AMR. It is integrated into our global sustainability goals, and we have set up an active AMS committee in Malaysia to strategically spearhead initiatives. In this battle against AMR, knowledge remains our strongest ally. The exchange of insights and experiences between global experts, local healthcare leaders and private healthcare providers is crucial, as we navigate these uncharted waters. Moving forward, it is crucial that we work together strategically to combat resistance, instead of in silos.”

The symposium was a significant step towards addressing the global health concern of AMR. It not only facilitated knowledge exchange and collaboration but also highlighted the importance of strategic partnerships in combating AMR

ABOUT ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE 

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis caused by the natural mutation of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, leading to their resistance to antimicrobials. This means that standard antimicrobial treatments become ineffective, and infections persist, increasing the risk of severe consequences to the patient. AMR is directly responsible for 1.27 million deaths annually and is associated with 4.95 million deaths worldwide due to drug-resistant infections.

Combating AMR is critical to safeguard the efficacy of antibiotics for future generations. The appropriate use of diagnostics can guide responsible antimicrobial use, preserving their lifesaving potential.

ABOUT THE CENTER OF EXCELLENCE PARTNERSHIP

bioMérieux adopts a proactive, partnership-driven approach to combat AMR. Through diagnostic and data-driven solutions, bioMérieux strives to enhance AMS efforts. The AMS Centers of Excellence (COE) designation is awarded to leading hospitals globally that commit to best AMS practices. Currently, bioMérieux is partnered with thirteen sites across multiple continents. IHH Healthcare Malaysia and Premier Integrated Labs have achieved the distinction of becoming the first healthcare providers in ASEAN to be awarded the COE.

This partnership aims to promote data-driven best practices as well as to advance medical education in the field of AMS. It also focuses on generating real-world medical and economic data, emphasising the value of combining diagnostics, medical education, lab consultancy services, and information technology solutions. This partnership symbolises a significant step toward a world free from the threat of AMR.

By inspiring other health institutions, the COE can contribute to increasing the quality of care and improving the level of healthcare systems in Malaysia.


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Malaysian Society of Transplantation Calls for More Organ Donation Pledges Among Malaysian University Students

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

On 14 February 2024, the Malaysian Society of Transplantation, in collaboration with the National Transplant Resource Centre and the Ministry of Higher Education, launched the Varsity P.U.L.S.E (Pledge for the Urgent Life Saving Efforts).

This event was launched at Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah UITM Puncak Alam by Datuk Dr Nor Fariza Ngah, the Deputy Director-General of Health, to mark the beginning of an annual campaign engaging all universities nationwide, regardless of public or private status.

Datuk Dr Nor Fariza Ngah stated during the launch: “Our organ donation rate is among the lowest globally. With 9,641 patients awaiting organs, each representing a person with a family, dreams, and hopes for a better life, it’s our responsibility to raise awareness and create a significant impact, fulfilling the true purpose of Varsity P.U.L.S.E–to ignite awareness among university students, the future generation of our nation.”

THE NEED FOR ORGAN DONATIONS REMAINS LARGELY UNFULFILLED

The most recent data indicates that there are 9,641 transplant patients waiting for their lifesaving procedures. The highest demand is for kidney transplants, both for adults (9,211) and pediatric cases (397).

Shockingly, only 1.07% of the population is currently registered as organ donors, underscoring the urgent need for action.

Varsity P.U.L.S.E aims to:

  • Increase awareness of organ donation among the younger generation in Malaysia
  • Dispel prevalent misconceptions surrounding organ donation
  • Boost the number of organ donor pledges.
CHALLENGES WITH ORGAN DONATION RATES IN MALAYSIA

Despite efforts to increase awareness, misconceptions about organ donation persist, fueled by cultural and religious beliefs.

Additionally, there’s a lack of trust in the healthcare system, with concerns about fairness and transparency in organ allocation processes.

Socio-economic factors also play a role, as many Malaysians are unaware of the benefits of organ donation or lack access to information.

Dr Mohamad Zaimi Abdul Wahab, the organizing chair of the Varsity PULSE, said: “The low rate of organ donation in Malaysia poses a grave threat to the lives of those awaiting transplants. Through Varsity P.U.L.S.E, we aim to foster a culture of awareness, understanding, and compassion among our youth, inspiring them to make a difference by pledging to donate their organs.”

The campaign comes at a time when pledging as an organ donor has never been easier, thanks to the integration of donor registration into the widely used MySejahtera app, facilitating seamless participation for Malaysians across the country.

UKM & AMM Organized Liver Cancer Awareness Day in Conjunction with World Cancer Day

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

February 4 was World Cancer Day. In conjunction with World Cancer Day 2024, the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine and the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) collaborated the Academy of Medicine Malaysia (AMM) organized a Liver Cancer Awareness Day event at Komune Living & Wellness, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur.

THE MINISTER OF HEALTH CALLS FOR REMOVAL OF GREATER AWARENESS OF CANCER AMONG MALAYSIANS

The event was officiated by YB Datuk Seri Dr Dzulkefly Ahmad, our Minister of Health, and witnessed by the residents of Bandar Tun Razak.

In his speech, Datuk Seri Dr Dzulkefly congratulated the UKM Faculty of Medicine for organizing a community program that has the community closer to the university.

“Approximately 48,639 new cancer cases and 29,530 cancer deaths were reported in 2020 in Malaysia. And more worryingly, experts have predicted that the incidence of cancer in Malaysia will increase 2 times by 2040,” he shared.

He further stated: “There is no doubt that cancer is on the rise. I strongly believe that, as a community, we should learn what cancer is and most importantly to remove the taboo behind the word ‘cancer’.”



LIVER CANCER IS ONE OF THE TOP 5 MOST COMMON CANCERS IN MALAYSIA

“Currently, liver cancer is one of the 5 most common cancers in Malaysia; others are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer,” Datuk Seri Dr Dzulkefly revealed. “Primary liver cancer, which starts from within the liver itself, unfortunately, has one of the worst prognoses because it is often diagnosed at a late stage when symptoms appear.”

Our Minister of Health also added that obesity is often associated with an increased risk of fatty liver disease known as metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is becoming the main cause of liver cancer.

However, liver cancer can be prevented either through hepatitis B immunization or early treatment of liver disease detected in patients with known hepatitis or cirrhosis.

LIVER CANCER DAY OFFERED EDUCATIONAL EVENTS & HEALTH SCREENING FOR ALL ATTENDANTS

The objective of the Liver Cancer Awareness Day event was to increase community awareness of liver cancer in addition to knowing more about liver cancer, its symptoms, risk factors, detection, and prevention.

A public forum on liver cancer was held during the event. This forum became a platform for liver cancer patients to share their experiences. Additionally, a group of panelists from the Ministry of Health Malaysia, University Hospitals, agencies and medical associations discussed the issue of public access to affordable cancer medicine in an effort to bridge the gap between the rich and the needy when it comes to cancer care.

In addition to public forums, the Liver Cancer Awareness Day event also provided attendants with screening services such as mammograms by Majlis Kanser Nasional (MAKNA), metabolic disease screening, hepatitis B and C screening, and fatty liver screening as well as consultation by experts, health fairs, quizzes, and lucky draws.

Meanwhile, the Malaysian Relief Agency (MRA) donated food packs to 90 residents of Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras. The participation of residents in this area was made via a community network between the UKM Faculty of Medicine and the residents of Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur.

AUSPICIOUS GUESTS ADDED IMPACT TO THE EVENT

In addition to the gracious presence of the esteemed Minister of Health, the Liver Cancer Awareness Day event was attended by: Professor Dato’ Dr. Hanafiah Harunarashid (Pro Vice Canselor Kuala Lumpur Campus UKM), Professor Dr. Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor (Dean of the Faculty of Medicine UKM), Professor Datin Dr Marina Mat Baki (Deputy Dean of Industry Community and Partnerships Affairs), Professor Dato’ Dr Razman Jarmin (Director of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM), Professor Dato’ Dr Ismail Sagap (Director of Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak UKM), Professor Dr Rosmawati Mohamed from the Academy of Medicine Malaysia, as well as various hospital directors and heads of department.

This program was made possible by the efforts of the Dean of the UKM Faculty of Medicine, Professor Dr Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor, and members of the faculty’s top management.

 

An Oncologist Spotlights the Newest & The Latest in Stereotactic Radiosurgery Technology

WORDS DR AMINUDIN RAHMAN MOHD MYDIN

FEATURED EXPERT
DR AMINUDIN RAHMAN MOHD MYDIN
Consultant Clinical Oncologist
KPJ Damansara Specialist Hospital

It’s an undeniable fact that cancer is one of the leading causes of death both in Malaysia and worldwide.

HOWEVER, CANCER NEED NOT NECESSARILY BE A DEATH SENTENCE THESE DAYS

There are numerous developments in the technology behind cancer screening that allows more precise cancer treatment and hence a greater potential for better treatment outcome.

Many exciting developments have taken place in the field of radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy.

Radiation therapy involves the use of high-powered X-rays and other types of radiation to disrupt the growth of a tumour.

As a result, the tumour will eventually start to shrink.

Depending on the type and severity of cancer, it can be used as a single form of cancer treatment.

It can also be used alongside chemotherapy and other forms of cancer treatments. For example, after a surgery to remove a tumour, the patient may receive radiation therapy to eliminate any leftover cancer cells in their body.

One significant development in radiation therapy is stereotactic radiosurgery, which is available in Malaysia.

WHAT IS STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY (SRS)?

Click on the image for a larger, clearer version.


  • This is a very precise form of radiation therapy.
  • It can be used on both cancerous and non-cancerous or benign tumours.
The advantage of SRS over older radiotherapy systems
  • Delivers high doses of radiation in tiny, precise beams that target the tumour(s) while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
  • Its high precision allows for treatment of very small tumours as well as tumours located close to important organs.
  • High doses of radiation allow for more effective treatment of tumours.
  • Less damage to surrounding healthy tissues means fewer potential side effects compared to older systems.

Stereotactic radiosurgery is commonly used to treat the following:

  • Abnormalities in the brain and spine, including cancer.
  • Benign or non-cancerous tumours.
  • Epilepsy.
  • Trigeminal neuralgia, a rare and very painful chronic disease that affects the trigerminal nerve in the brain.
  • Abnormal connections between arteries and veins, or arteriovenous malformations.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY
Gamma knife
  • Commonly used to treat tumours and lesions in the brain.
  • No actual knives are involved here—the ‘knife’ here is a highly focused beam of radiation!
  • The beam is typically delivered under the control of a computer-guided treatment.
  • The use of artificial intelligence or AI shows promise in optimizing delivery route of the radiation beam to the targeted areas of treatment.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)
  • Commonly used on cancers that are still confined to a small area of the body and have not yet spread into nearby tissues.
  • SBRT is used for tumours and cancers outside the brain, commonly those in the head and neck, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, prostate, and spine regions.
  • This treatment method delivers high doses of radiation to the targeted area over a matter of days. (Conventional radiation therapy may take place over a matter of weeks.)
  • While highly concentrated radiation is applied, don’t worry—the treatment isn’t painful.

Proton therapy

  • Commonly used to treat both cancerous and non-cancerous tumours that are located near important organs such as brain and spinal cord. It is also frequently used to treat cancer in children.
  • This is a pretty complicated treatment, as the oncologist and their colleagues would need to first determine the specific location, size, and dimension of the tumour. This is often done via imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Once these details are obtained, the radiation oncologist will direct high-energy proton beams onto the tumour.

Linear accelerator (LINAC)

  • Commonly used to treat cancers of the prostate, lung, breast, oesophagus, stomach, rectum, uterus, bladder, liver, and more.
  • This is a high-definition dynamic radiosurgery (HDRS) treatment that allows for accurate delivery to small areas of the body.
  • It can target areas accurately, thereby minimizing exposure to healthy cells and hence side effects.
  • It is also capable of delivering high-dosage radiation beams. This usually means that the patient’s radiotherapy sessions will take less time, and they will also require fewer sessions compared older radiotherapy systems.

A Neurologist Discusses the Link Between COVID-19, Younger Adults, and Stroke

WORDS DR JOYCE PAULINE JOSEPH

FEATURED EXPERT
DR JOYCE PAULINE JOSEPH
Consultant Neurologist
Aurelius Hospital Nilai

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered the physiological landscape of individuals around the globe. The virus has demonstrated its ability to traverse various bodily functions, leaving a trail of physiological changes in its wake. From the intricate dynamics of the immune response to cardiovascular issues, COVID-19 has brought about unprecedented impacts on human health in various ways.

But what are the correlations, if any, between COVID-19 and an increase in stroke incidences especially amongst the young? In light of the increasing number of cases of COVID-19 in Malaysia again, we attempt to investigate the links.

THE LINK TO STROKE

Traditionally, when we speak about strokes, it tends to be an “elderly persons” disease, a health concern prevalent amongst those aged 50 and above.

However, over the past 3 years since the first outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, a worrying connection has emerged between the virus and incidences of strokes in younger individuals.

COVID-19 is associated with a higher risk of stroke, a majority of them being ischaemic strokes caused by a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain.

A study suggested a connection between the high prevalence of vascular risk factors and concurrent elevation of proinflammatory and procoagulation biomarkers in this.

In the same study, it has been proposed that the virus that causes COVID-19 infects the cells that line the inside of the blood vessels.

These infected cells release several pro-inflammatory factors that attract other immune cells to the affected area.

In turn, this leads to damage to the lining cells, activating platelets and other factors involved in clotting.

This chain of events eventually increases the risk of a blood clot that could potentially travel up to the brain and cause a stroke.

Hypercoagulability and inflammatory response cause vascular complications, increasing the risk of strokes, regardless of age.

Findings from another large-scale study suggested that COVID-19 is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bleeding.

The risk of developing blood clots in the lungs and legs is significantly elevated for up to 6 months upon contracting COVID-19.

After the initial 30 days of infection, individuals afflicted with COVID-19 displayed heightened susceptibilities and endured a year-long burden of newly emerging cardiovascular conditions.

These conditions range from cerebrovascular issues and dysrhythmias to inflammatory heart disease, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, thromboembolic disease, and assorted cardiac disorders.

Strikingly, these risks manifested consistently across various demographic factors, such as age, race, and gender, as well as other established cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and hyperlipidemia.

Notably, even those without any pre-existing cardiovascular conditions prior to exposure to COVID-19 exhibited these risks, suggesting a propensity for these complications to manifest in individuals traditionally considered at low risk for cardiovascular diseases.

IN SUMMARY

The data and evidence gathered do point to a heightened risk of stroke brought about by COVID-19, regardless of age.

Even though it remains an uncommon occurrence, it remains a risk especially for individuals pre-existing health conditions that are known to boost the risk of stroke.

While the correlation between incidences of stroke, COVID-19 and how it affects younger individuals remains a subject of ongoing research and study, it remains crucial in recognizing the potential risks and taking appropriate and proactive measures.


References:

  1. Mbonde, A. A., O’Carroll, C. B., Grill, M. F., Zhang, N., Butterfield, R., & Demaerschalk, B. M. (2022). Stroke features, risk factors, and pathophysiology in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes, 6(2), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.01.003
  2. Xie, Y., Xu, E., Bowe, B., & Al-Aly, Z. (2022). Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nature medicine, 28(3), 583–590. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3

A Dermatologist Addresses 3 Common Misconceptions About Dry Skin

WORDS LIM TECK CHOON

FEATURED EXPERT
DR FELIX YAP BOON BIN
Consultant Dermatologist
Sunway Medical Centre
MISCONCEPTION 1
DRY SKIN IS NOTHING SERIOUS.

Dr Felix Yap Boon Bin points out that this is not always true.

“Lack of water or skin dehydration will cause dry skin to peel, crack, irritate, itch and become sensitive,” he explains. “If we scratch the itch, it may lead to damage of the skin’s epidermis, causing it to become thinner or eventually recede away.”


Our skin consists of three layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layer. Click on the image for a larger, clearer version.


“When the epidermis is compromised, germs and dust can penetrate into the second layer of the skin or dermis, causing inflammation, in addition to causing other skin problems, such as eczema and psoriasis,” Dr Felix shares.


A comparison of healthy and dry skin. Click on the image for a larger, clearer version.


What causes dry skin?

Dr Felix says that being under the hot sun for a long period of time can cause dry skin.

Being in an air-conditioned room for long periods of time can also be a factor, as air conditioning can cause the skin to dry.

However, many cases of dry skin are due to genetic factors. “Some individuals are born without a protective skin layer, causing their skin to be easily dehydrated,” Dr Felix says. Therefore, it is possible for someone to develop this condition without spending much time under the sun or air-conditioning.

Additionally, the use of improper skincare products can lead to dry skin. Dr Felix cites the frequent usage of body scrubs or soaps with a higher pH level (pH above 7) as an example.

If you spend much time under the sun or in air-conditioned rooms, Dr Felix recommends, applying moisturizers regularly to ensure that the skin is healthy and has a good level of hydration. “However, if dryness is at a serious level, it is recommended to use medicated moisturizers,” he says.
MISCONCEPTION 2
ANY SKIN MOISTURIZER WILL DO.

Not true. 

“For dry skin types, oil-based moisturizers are more suitable because the oil content will moisturize the skin and reduce itching or peeling,” Dr Felix explains.

He adds: “Individuals with oily skin can choose oil control moisturizers to prevent acne growth.”

For sensitive skin, Dr Felix recommended the use of specialized moisturizers, products without fragrance or chemicals produced by certified medical brands.

Hence, he reminds everyone to identify their own skin type before choosing their skincare products, in order to ensure that these products are suitable for long-term use.

MISCONCEPTION 3
DRINKING A LOT OF WATER AND EATING VEGETABLES REGULARLY CAN HELP THE SKIN STAY HYDRATED

Research has proven that this assumption is inaccurate.

“Lack of water in the body will certainly affect the quality of the skin, but drinking a lot of water at one time does not help the skin to stay hydrated,” Dr Felix elaborates.

“Also, consuming a lot of vegetables does not necessarily help to hydrate the skin. Healthy and hydrated skin requires a balanced diet, which includes a variety of nutrients and not just vegetables,” he adds.

BONUS: DR FELIX’S TIPS TO PROTECT YOUR SKIN

“The water content in our skin will also decrease as we age,” Dr Felix reminds us. “The protective layer will become thinner and its efficiency to trap water will also become lower when we reach between 40 to 50 years old.”

Therefore, he offers some tips to help us take care of our skin in order to avoid skin problems in the future.

  • Sleeping for 7 hours a day and have a consistent bedtime, preferably before 12 midnight.
  • Lead an active lifestyle to improve the immune system. Low immunity can cause skin diseases such as eczema.
  • Use moisturizers before going to bed, especially in rooms with air conditioning.
  • Apply sunscreen before leaving the house.

An Expert Discusses What Happened to the Generational Endgame Bill of Malaysia

WORDS MUHAMMAD ZAID ZAINUDDIN

FEATURED EXPERT
MUHAMMAD ZAID ZAINUDDIN
Lecturer (Anatomy)
Centre of Preclinical Science Studies
Faculty of Dentistry
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
IN RECENT NEWS

In November 2023, the Dewan Rakyat passed the Control of Smoking Products and Public Health Bill.

The Bill aims to regulate the sale and purchase of tobacco products, smoking materials, tobacco substitute products, and smoking devices, which includes smoking products such as electronic cigarettes or vape.

Though the passing of the bill is a positive step for the country’s public healthcare system and future generations, it has left members of the parliament and public health experts outraged.

WHY THE OUTRAGE?

The passed Control of Smoking Products and Public Health Bill is a watered-down version of the ambitious proposal initiated by our former Minister of Health, Khairy Jamaluddin.

The previous bill, dubbed the “Generational Endgame Bill”, proposed to prohibit persons born on or after 1 January 2007 from purchasing and smoking tobacco products, substitute tobacco products and smoking substances which includes e-cigarettes and vapes.

The bill passed in November 2023 removed this bold clause that would give rise to a smoke-free Malaysian generation in the future.

WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE GENERATIONAL ENDGAME BILL WAS PASSED IN ITS ORIGINAL PROPOSED FORM?

In terms of impact on healthcare, the proposed Generational Endgame policy would ban smoking and vaping for those born in 2007 and onwards for the rest of their lives.

Ideally, this will create a smoke-free generation in the coming decades and save north of RM6 billion ringgit per year in terms of healthcare expenditure in the years to come.

This is stipulated by 2020 data, whereby the country had spent RM6.2 billion to treat three major diseases caused by smoking; lung cancer, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This cost was estimated to increase to RM8.8 billion by 2030 and will increase further if smoking had not been curbed.

THEN, WHY WAS THE GENERATIONAL ENDGAME CLAUSE DROPPED?

The Generational Endgame clause was dropped after considering the views from the Attorney-General’s Chambers, who claimed potential constitutional arguments.

The clause is unconstitutional.

In brief, the passing of the bill would create unequal treatment under the law between persons born before 1 January 2007, and individuals born after.

This is contradictory to Article 8 (1) of the Federal Constitution, which states that every person shall be equal under the law and have equal protection of the law.

The proposed bill would be unconstitutional as it would create two sets of laws for two different groups of citizens based on age.

Socio-economic impact on Malaysians.

An assessment of Malaysia’s Generational Endgame Policy by Oxford Economics, published in September 2023, states that the policy would be unlikely to deliver a reduction in healthcare costs. This is because future smokers would switch to illicit products.

This is on the basis that Malaysia has one of the largest illicit tobacco problems globally, with an estimated 57% of all cigarette sales in 2022 occurring through illicit channels.

An argument against the bill claims that a total ban of tobacco products would just expand the illicit tobacco market.

Impact on the economy.

The report also estimates that the legal tobacco industry in Malaysia currently supports a RM983 million contribution to the country’s GDP, RM3.3 billion in tax receipts, and 7,940 jobs.

A total ban of tobacco products would decrease these economic benefits on top of having to sustain an expensive expenditure on policy implementation, public communication, and enforcement programmes in addition to efforts needed to control the expanding of illicit markets.

IS THIS THE END OF THE GENERATIONAL ENDGAME POLICY?

Absolutely not!

The passing of the current bill is a small step forward toward achieving the Generational Endgame policy.

Though not banning the selling of tobacco products in its entirety, the Control of Smoking Products and Public Health Bill protects the younger generation from modern smoking devices, a rampant disease amongst our teenage youths.

The bill prohibits the sale and purchase of tobacco products, smoking materials, or substitute tobacco products as well as the provision of any services for smoking to under 18-year-olds, ultimately curbing the increase of smoking and vaping habit amongst children and teenagers.

IN CONCLUSION

Though our healthcare workers and policy makers are working hard to curb the rise of smoking and vaping, it is of the highest importance to maintain public awareness of the dangers of smoking and vaping. Such public awareness should be promoted and reiterated from generation to generation.


References:

  1. Bernama. (2023, December 7). Experts: Anti-smoking bill first step towards a smoke-free generation. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/news/government-public-policy/2023/12/987431/experts-anti-smoking-bill-first-step-towards-smoke-free
  2. Choy, N.Y. (2023, November 23). Health minister pledges to table Generational Endgame bill on tobacco before the end of Parliament sitting. The Edge Malaysia. https://theedgemalaysia.com/node/690959
  3. Harun, H. N. (2023, November 28). GEG dropped due to constitutional arguments – Dr Zaliha. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/news/government-public-policy/2023/11/984010/geg-dropped-due-constitutional-arguments-dr-zaliha
  4. Cabello, K. (2023, October 6). An assessment of Malaysia’s ‘Generational Endgame Policy’. Oxford Economics. https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/resource/gegmalaysia/